Hematopoietic stem cell transplant, also known as bone marrow transplant, is a procedure used to treat certain types of cancer, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, as well as certain non-cancerous diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and aplastic anemia. During a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, healthy stem cells are collected from either the patient themselves (autologous transplant) or a donor (allogeneic transplant) and then infused into the patient's bloodstream. These stem cells can then migrate to the bone marrow, where they begin to produce new, healthy blood cells, allowing the patient to regain a functioning immune system. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant can be a potentially curative treatment for patients with certain diseases, but it also comes with risks of complications, such as infections, graft-versus-host disease (in allogeneic transplants), and organ damage. Therefore, it is typically reserved for patients who have exhausted other treatment options or for those with high-risk or aggressive diseases.